国家公共英语(四级)笔试模拟试卷224(题后含答案及解析)

国家公共英语（四级）笔试模拟试卷224 (题后含答案及解析)

题型有：1. Listening Comprehension 2. Use of English 3. Reading Comprehension 4. Writing

Section I Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Directions: This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them. There are THREE parts in this section, Part A, Part B and Part C. Remember, while you are doing the test, you should first put down your answers in your test booklet. At the end of the listening comprehension section, you will have 5 minutes to transfe

PART ADirections: For Questions 1-5, you will hear a conversation. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write only 1 word in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below.

听力原文： Over a six-week period, ABC news’ chief investigative correspondent Brian Ross and his team turned in 20 wallets or purses to 20 police officers chosen at random in Los Angeles. Varying amounts of cash were put in each, as well as numerous pieces of identification, with names, addresses and phone numbers. In fact, Ross used this technique back in the 1970s as a local reporter in Miami, when confidence in public officials at all levels was at an all-time low. The results of that wallet test did little to boost public confidence: 10 of the 31 wallets given to officers in the Miami area were never recovered, and two of them were turned in but the cash was missing. A number of the officers were fired or took early retirement after that report. Almost 30 years later, police honesty and integrity are again being called into question, most recently in Los Angeles, where the police department is trying to recover from a serious corruption scandal in its Rampart Division. The Results: Of the 20 Los Angeles police officers who were given wallets and purses, every single one turned in the wallet and the money. Not a penny was missing from the wallets, which were given to officers of all races, throughout the city. “Police officers have only one legacy and that’s their integrity, their honesty,” says Los Angeles Police Chief Bernard Parks. “Their word means a lot. . . and people believe in that badge and what it represents. “

1．

正确答案：1970s

解析：这篇短文讲述了美国测试警察诚信度的故事。此题是时间题，注意是1970s，这是考生比较容易听错的部分。

2．

正确答案：corruption

解析：细节题，为什么要测试一下警察?因为有某些丑闻影响了警察形象，可以推断此丑闻与金钱有关。

3．

正确答案：31

解析：数字题，文章中提到10 of the 31 wallets given to officers…说明共给了31只皮夹。

4．

正确答案：penny

解析：前面的测试有钱丢失，后面的测试是一分钱也没丢，用not a penny表示。

5．

正确答案：retirement

解析：本题考查丢钱事件后对不诚实警察的处理，有些被解雇了，有些被迫提前，可以推测是退休。

PART BDirections: For Questions 6-10, you will hear a passage. Use not more than 3 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and the questions below.

听力原文：W: Young, today, millions of us are now addicted to chat rooms, e-mail and just plain web surfing.M: Yes, it’s no secret that we’re into computers. And why not? On the Internet, we can catch up on news, plan vacations, pay bills and make friends. But for some, once they type their way onto the Internet, they just can’t stop.W: Do you know who’s getting hooked?M: Internet addiction can happen to anyone who’s lonely. It includes two surprising groups.-college students and homemakers.W: How does that happen?M: Away from their families, homesick and overwhelmed, many college students seek connections on the computer. And homemakers are prone to addiction too, if they’re shy. Face-to-face talking can create anxiety. The chat room eliminates all that.W: But the more on-line connections vulnerable people make, the more they may neglect the connections they hold dear in real life.M: Yes. Apart from that, Internet also does harm to them. In a recent study, 51 percent of men and 42 percent of women named the Internet as one of the reasons they’re not getting enough sleep! And 68 percent of Internet addicts surveyed said their on-line usage was destroying their relationships. The person will retire to the computer at night instead of the bedroom, and form cyberspace relationships with strangers instead of communicating with a spouse.W: It does make us worry. Do you have any suggestions for us?M: Well, there are steps to take to make sure your family

doesn’t get hooked, for example, you can put the computer in a common area like a living room where you can’t spend hour after uninterrupted hour on-line. You can use a timer to limit on-line time. But I think the best way is to join a club. Anyone with balance and face-to-face contact with others isn’t likely to get hooked.

6．

正确答案：lonely persons

7．

正确答案：less sleeping

8．

正确答案：destroying family relationship

9．

正确答案：joining a club

10．

正确答案：living room

PART CDirections: You will hear three dialogues or monologues. Before listening to each one, you will have 5 seconds to read each of the questions which accompany it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D. After listening, you will have 10 seconds to check your answer to each question. You will hear each piece ONLY ONCE.

听力原文：Questions 11 — 13 are based on a report about the post-graduation lives of those well-educated young eastern Germans. For many well-educated young eastern Germans like Susanne Kophal, who was born, raised and educated in Rostock, a lovely city on the Baltic Sea, there is a familiar story about the moment in their post-graduation lives that they decided to leave. “I’ll always have the wish to return to my hometown,” said Ms. Kophal, 26, who grad-uated from the University of Rostock last year with a political science degree. “The people are friendly. In the summer you can take off for lunch, go swimming in the ocean and be back at work within an hour. But there are precious few professional jobs here and little hope of building a career. “And so, Ms. Kophal and every one of her college friends: a doctor, a biologist and a physicist among them, left Rostock for brighter prospects elsewhere in Germany or for a career abroad, probably for good. “I see myself as an economic refugee,” Ms. Kophal said in an interview at her office in Berlin, where she found a position as a magazine production manager now. In Rostock, where unemployment

stands at 18 percent, almost double the national average, “there’s no chance to earn a decent living,” she said. “The only alternatives are the two classic examples: becoming a taxi driver or working at McDonald’s. “

11． What major did Ms. Kophal got when she graduated from the University of Rostock last year?

A．Medical science B．Political science C．Biology

D．Production management

正确答案：B 解析：问题是：“Ms．Kophal去年从Rostock大学毕业时的专业是什么?”，正确答案是“政治学”。其依据是“Ms．Kophal，26，who graduated from the University of Rostock lastyear with a political science degree．”。虽然其他三个选项都在文中出现过，但指的都是其他事情。

12． What is the national average percent of unemployment? A．9 percent B．12 percent C．16 percent D．18 percent

正确答案：A 解析：问题是：“全国平均失业率是多少?”，正确答案是“9％”，．其依据是“In Rostock，where unemployment stands at 18 percent，almost double the national average”：，关键是“double”一词表示“双倍于”。

13． What are the two classic jobs that people will take in Rostock, besides working at McDonald’s?

A．Becoming a physicist

B．Becoming a school teacher C．Becoming a taxi driver

D．Becoming a magazine production manager

正确答案：C 解析：问题是：“在Rostock，除了去麦当劳，人们通常会做的另一种工作是什么?”，正确答案是“开出租汽车”。其依据是“The only alternatives are the two classic examples：becoming a taxi driver or working at McDonald’s．”虽然其他三个选项都在文中出现过，但指的都是其他事情，不要混淆。

听力原文： Kwanzaa is an African American cultural holiday. Begins on the December 26th, and lasts seven full days through January 1st. Kwanzaa celebrates family, community, and African heritage and culture. Millions of people celebrate Kwanzaa every year in the United States. African communities and many other parts

of the world also celebrate the holiday. The word “Kwanzaa” pronounced “kuang za”, comes from a Swahili phrase that means “first fruits”. Swahili is one of the most widely spoken languages in Africa. The first fruits or the first crops harvested at the end of the year’ s growing season. Harvest celebration in Africa date back thousands of years. Modem harvest celebrations still take place in many parts of Africa. And an African American scholar named Mauluna Karenga developed Kwanzaa in the United States in 1966. Karenga wanted a special time for African Americans to honor their African heritage, and their own African American culture. Kareaga wanted Kwanzaa to be a time of gathering for families and friends for giving thanks. Since the 1960s, Kwanzaa has spread to many other parts of the world. The colors of Kwanzaa are black, red, and green. These colors were important symbols in ancient Africa. People celebrate Kwanzan by decorating their homes with these colors. Other decorations include traditional African crafts, such as colorful cloth and woven baskets. In many homes, families exchange gifts. A major part of Kwanzaa is the lighting of seven candles, called Ⅱshumma. Each day a candle is lit to represent one of the seven principles of black culture developed by Karenga. These principles encourage people to live well according to African ideals.

14． What is the origin of Kwanzaa related to? A．Religion. B．Family life. C．Agriculture. D．Community.

正确答案：C

15． Which of the following colors is used for decoration in Kwanzaa? A．Yellow. B．Green. C．White. D．Blue.

正确答案：B

16． What do the seven candies stand for? A．Principles. B．Cultures. C．Tribes. D．Colors.

正确答案：A

听力原文：W: It’s well-known science fiction plot to freeze a body and bring it back to life years later. However, this may no longer be so far from the truth. Joining

us from our Cardiff studio is Professor Andrew Morgan, who’s been doing some research into this subject. Professor Morgan.M: Yes, well, I’ve been looking into the ability of certain animals to freeze themselves for a certain amount of time, and then to come back to life when the circumstances around them change. And, what I’ve been working on over the past two years is the particular process that enables them to do this.W: What have you actually discovered?M: I think it’s a particular chemical in the animals’ bodies which begins to work under certain circumstances. And I’m now experimenting with this chemical to see if I can get other animals that wouldn’t normally be able to freeze themselves to be able to do this.W: Have you had any success?M: I have so far. It’s been going very well. And I’m reasonably confident that perhaps within ten years from now I’ll be able to freeze human beings for as long or as short a time as I would like to, and then bring them back to life again in exactly the same state that they were in before they were frozen . . . just as you can do with animals.W: And what’s the main application of your research?M: I think the main application of this for human beings would be for people with terminal illnesses, such as certain types of cancer, AIDS. We could freeze them, find a cure for the illness and then bring them back to life again and administer the cure.W: I see. Well, this obviously is going to create great debate I would think as to the rights and wrongs of whether we should be actually doing this.

17． What does Professor Morgan do? A．He is a film director of Science Fiction. B．He is a writer of Science Fiction.

C．He is a scientist who researches on how to freeze a body and bring it back to life later.

D．He is a doctor who treats terminal illnesses.

正确答案：C

解析：尽管一开头就提到电影，实际上主持人是用来做个铺垫，后面才提到Morgan的身份，所以答案是C。

18． According to Professor Morgan, what enables animals to freeze themselves? A．A certain chemical in their bodies.

B．The change of certain circumstances around them. C．A certain temperature.

D．A certain season in the year.

正确答案：A 解析：Morgan说“I think it’s a particular chemical in the animals’bodies which begins towork under certain circumstances．”，据此，可以得出答案A。

19． How long will Professor Morgan be able to freeze human beings for as long or as short a time as he would like to?

A．About ten years. B．About two years.

C．About twenty years. D．About thirteen years.

正确答案：A

解析：Morgan提到“perhaps within ten years from now I’ll be able to freeze human beings for as long or as short a time as I would like to．”，所以答案是A。

20． What is true about the application of Professor Morgan’s research? A．It .can be used to prolong everyone’s life. B．It can help find cures for terminal illnesses. C．It can cure cancer and Aids.

D．It can help freeze people with terminal illnesses and bring them back to life when the cure appears.

正确答案：D

解析：最后问到他的研究有何实际用途，Morgan说“human beings would be for peoplewith terminal illnesses，such as certain types of cancer，AIDS．We could freeze them，find a cure for the illness and then bring them back to life again and administer thecure．”。此题单靠阅读选项选中的几率也很大。

Section II Use of English (15 minutes)Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.

Comparisons were drawn between the development of television in the 20th century and the diffusion of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries. Yet much had happened 21 As was discussed before, it was not 22 the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic 23 , following in the wake of the pamphlet and the book and in the 24 of the periodical. It was during the same time that the communications revolution 25 up, beginning with transport, the railway, and leading 26 through the telegraph, the telephone, radio, and motion pictures 27 the 20th-century world of the motor car and the air plane. Not everyone sees that process in 28 . It is important to do so. It is generally recognized, 29 , that the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century, 30 by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s, radically changed the process, 31 its impact on the media was not immediately 32 As time went by, computers became smaller and more powerful, and they became “personal” too, as well as 33 , with display becoming sharper and storage 34 increasing. They were thought of, like people, 35 generations, with the distance between generations much 36 . It was within the computer age that the term “information society” began to be widely used to describe the 37 within which we now live. The communications revolution has 38 both work and leisure and how we think and feel both about place and time, but there have been 39 view about its economic, political, social and cultural implications. “Benefits” have been weighed 40 “harmful” outcomes. And generalizations have proved difficult.

21．

A．between B．before C．since D．later

正确答案：A

解析：此题属于语法题。选项[A]between表示“在…之间”。考生可能熟悉between作介词的用法，却不了解它其实还可作为副词，例如：We have four classes in the morningand two in the afternoon，and we have lunch between．我们上午有四堂课，下午有两堂课，其间我们进午餐。此题主要考查副词的用法。上文中提到了20世纪电视的发展及15、16世纪印刷术的传播，下文则讲到了这两个时间之间发生的一些事情。因此，根据上下文的关系，应选择[A]between。选项[B]before表示“在…之前”，可作介词，也可作连词，例如：Before the class，I went over the lesson．又如：Before,the discussion began，Ihad a cup of tea．选项[C]since表示“既然”，可作介词、连词，也可作副词，例如：I haven’twritten home since Christmas．又如：I have been at his bedside since he became ill．再如：Things have not changed very much since．选项[D]later表示“后来”，例如：a weeklater。这三个选项都不符题意。全句可译为：然而，20世纪与15、16世纪之间又出现了与信息传播有关的发明。

22． A．after B．by C．during D．until

正确答案：D

解析：此题属于词语搭配题。读完此句，考生可以发现本句的主要结构是it was not until…that…，这是固定搭配，not until用于强调，例如：It was not until you told me thatI knew he was the famous singer．故选[D]until。其余选项：[A]after，[B]by和[C]during都与本题的语意不符。

23． A．means B．method C．medium D．measure

正确答案：C

解析：此题属于语意搭配题。选项[C]medium表示“媒体”。根据考生的常识不难判断本句中的主语newspapers应该属于medium(媒体)的一种。选项

[A]means表示“方法，手段”；选项[B]method表示“方法”；选项[D]measures表示“措施”。

24．

A．process B．company C．light D．form

正确答案：B

解析：此题属于语意搭配题。上文中的in the wake of the pamphlet and the book意为“紧紧跟随着小册子和书籍的出现”，据此可以判断与此相对应的应该是in the companyof the periodical(伴随着期刊的兴起)。所以[B]是正确答案。in the company of表示“在…的陪同下，伴随着”，例如：I traveled Egypt in the company of two teachers．(我在两个老师的陪同下游览了埃及。)选项[A]：in the process表示“在进行中”，例如：The new library is in the process of being decorated．新图书馆在进行装修中。选项[C]：in the light of表示“鉴于，依据…看来”，例如：In the light of the accident，we have put off the meeting till next week．(鉴于这次事故，我们已经把会议推迟到下个星期。)选项[D]：in the form of表示“以…的形状”，例如：The cookies were in the form of stars．(那些饼干的形状都像星星。)

25．

A．gathered B．speeded C．worked D．picked

正确答案：B

解析：此题属于词语搭配题。本题主要考查动词短语的含义，这是考查的一个重点。speed up表示“加速”，例如：The train gradually speeded up．(火车逐渐加速了。)不难看出本句的含义是“在15世纪到20世纪之问，从火车、电报、电话到汽车、飞机，交通、通讯业的变革速度是越来越快”，故选[B]。gather up表示“收集”，例如：gather up one’s papers；work up表示“逐步发展”，例如：work up to a climax(渐至高潮)；pick up表示“捡起，学会”，例如：pick up a few words．

26． A．on B．out C．over D．off

正确答案：A 解析：此题属于词语搭配题。选项[A]on可表示“持续地”，例如：He coughed

on thewhole night．lead on则表示“带头，走在前面”，例如：If you lead on，we will follow behind．原句很长，考生可通过分析句子结构来理解其含义。我们可以发现主句是communications revolution，而beginning与leading两个分词是平行结构作状语，所填的空格与leading这个关键词有关。因此[A]符合题意，是正确答案。lead off表示“开始”，例如：She led off with a song(她以唱歌开始)。其他的选项[B]out和[C]over都不能与lead搭配。

27． A．of B．for C．beyond D．into

正确答案：D

解析：此题属于语法题。选项[D]into表示“进入”，强调动态，例如：work far into thenight。上文中有through the telegraph…，下文是the 20th century world，说明革命一直持续直到进入20世纪，故选[D]。选项[A]of可表示所有、所属，例如：the legs of achair。选项[B]for表示“为了”。例如：Do more exercise for the good of your health．选项[C]beyond表示“超越”，例如：The town has changed beyond my recognition．全句可译为：正是在这段时间之内，从火车的发明到电报、电话、收音机、电影的发明，再到20世纪汽车和飞机的发明，交通和通讯技术的革命一直占据领先的地位。

28．

A．concept B．dimension C．effect

D．perspective

正确答案：D

解析：此题属于语意搭配题。本题考查的是介词与名词的语意搭配。选项[D]perspective表示“透视图，看法”；in perspective表示“正确地，适当地”，例如：look at things inperspective(正确地观察事物)。[D]符合题意，是正确答案。选项[A]concept表示“概念”，例如：a concept of space；选项[B]dimension表示“尺度，维数”，例如：The dimensionof the window is 150cm long by 120cm wide．选项[C]effect表示“效果”；in effect表示“实际上”，相当于in fact，例如：In effect the government has lowered the taxes for therich and raised them for the poor(实际上政府已经降低了富人们的税收而提高了穷人们的税收)。此题表明考生可多注意介词与名词构成的搭配词语。全句可译为：并不是每个人都能正确观察到这个变革的过程。

29． A．indeed B．hence

C．however D．therefore

正确答案：C

解析：此题属于语篇连接题。选项[C]however表示“然而”，插人句中，前后要用逗号隔开，例如：Certainly he apologized．However，I won’t forgive him．本题所在的句子很长，又出现了四个空格，这就需要考生同时考虑分析句子的语法关系和关键词语的搭配。上文说到“观察过程本身是很重要的”；本句中又提到“20世纪初电脑的引进……彻底地改变了这个过程”。那么，可以判断上下文应该是转折的关系，所以选[C]。选项[A]indeed表示“确实，果然”，例如：I am indeed glad to hear the news．选项[B]hence表示“所以”，它后面的动词往往省略，例如：Her mother is a singer，hence her love for music．该选项也可作副词，表示“今后，从此”，例如：What will the world have become a hundred yearshence?选项[D]therefore都表示“所以”，例如：We don’t have enough money and therefore we have to give up the plan．

30．

A．brought B．followed C．stimulated D．characterized

正确答案：B

解析：此题属于语意搭配题。上文提到20世纪初电脑的引进，接着就是20世纪60年代-集成电路的发明，后者显然跟随在前者之后，所以正确答案是[B]followed。选项[A]brought表示“带来”；选项[C]stimulated表示“刺激，激励”，例如：The desire to become asuccessful businessman stimulated him to work hard．选项[D]characterized表示“以…为特征”，例如：An elephant is characterized by a long trunk(大象的特征是长鼻子)。

31． A．unless B．since C．lest

D．although

正确答案：D

解析：此题属于语篇连接题。选项[D]although可引导让步状语从句。原文从句中出现的否定词not可以看作是提示线索的标志词，因此从上下文的逻辑关系来判断，[D]是正确答案。选项[A]unless表示“除非”(if…not)，引导条件状语从句，例如：I won’t go tosee the film unless I finish my work．选项[B]since表示“自从，既然”。选项[C]lest表示“惟恐，以防万一”，例如：She walked quietly lest she(should)wake up the child．

32．

A．apparent B．desirable C．negative D．plausible

正确答案：A

解析：此题属于语意搭配题。选项[A]apparent表示“表面的，明显的”，例如：with apparent indifference(表面上装作漠不关心)；又如：His grief is apparent to me．选项[B]desirable表示“值得要的，令人满意的”，例如：a desirable job；该选项可用于It is desirablefor sb．to do sth．或It is desirable that…的句型中，例如：It is desirable for you to bepresent(希望你能出席)。选项[C]negative表示“否定的，消极的”，例如：a negative response。选项[D]plausible表示“似是而非的”，例如：His explanation sounds fairly plausible to me．本题考的是形容词的辨析，读懂整个句子后可发现[A]是最佳答案。全句可译为：尽管一时之间，集成电路对媒体的影响不是明显。然而，20世纪初期引进了电脑，20世纪60年代发明了集成电路。人们普遍意识到这些彻底改变了这个变革的过程。

33．

A．institutional B．universal C．fundamental D．instrumental

正确答案：B

解析：此题属于语意搭配题。选项[B]universal表示“普遍的，通用的”，例如：a universaltruth。本题中需要填入一个与上文中的personal相对应的形容词，所以首先要了解personal的含义：个人的，个性化的。因此[B]符合题意。选项[A]institutional表示“制度的，规格化的”；选项[C]fundamental表示“基本的，重要的”，例如：fundamental humanrights；选项[D]instrumental表示“仪器的，器械的”。

34． A．ability B．capability C．capacity D．faculty

正确答案：C 解析：此题属于词语搭配题。选项[C]capacity表示“容量”，例如：The concert hall has aseating capacity of 1000．可与storage搭配，表示“(电脑储存)容量”，因此[C]是正确答案。另外，该选项也可用于表示“能力，理解力”，例如：This book is beyond youngchildren’s capacity．(这本书超过了小孩子所能理解的范围。)选项[A]ability表示“能力”，后面常跟不定式，例如：the ability to deal with the

problem；选项[B]capability表示“能力，资格”，例如：the capability for the job。选项[D]faculty表示“能力”，后面常跟介词for或of，例如：the faculty of reason。该选项还可表示“(大学的)院系，全体(大学)教员”，例如：the faculty of law(法学院)。这三个选项都不能与storage搭配。

35．

A．by means of B．in terms of C．with regard to D．in line with

正确答案：B

解析：此题属于语意搭配题。本题考查的是介词短语的惯用法。选项[B]in terms of表示“按照，在…方面”，例如：A 200一year—old building is very old in terms of American history．(从美国历史来看，一幢有着200年历史的房子是很古老的。)根据题意，人们认为电脑与人一样，是一代一代的，故选[B]。选项[A]by means of，表示“通过…的方法”，例如：He can express his thoughts by means of music．(他借音乐来表达思想。)选项[C]with regard to表示“关于”，例如：He wants to speak to you with regard to your financialsituation．(他想就你的经济状况和你谈一下。)选项[D]in line with表示“与…一致”，如：His idea is not in line with mine．(他的想法与我的不一致。)

36． A．deeper B．fewer C．nearer D．smaller

正确答案：D

解析：此题属于语意搭配题。本题是以独立主格的形式出现，其逻辑主语是distance。可指空间的距离或时间的问隔，能与它相搭配的只有选项[D]smaller。注意：选项[C]nearer本身就表示距离或时间的接近，所以不能修饰distance。但是我们可以说The distance is long／short。因此考生在做题时，要排除汉语思维方式对英语的干扰。选项[A]deeper和选项[B]fewer都与本题题意不符。

37．

A．context B．range C．scope D．territory

正确答案：A 解析：此题属于语意搭配题。选项[A]context可表示“上下文”，也可表示“背景，环境”(situation)，例如：I think we need to look at these events in context．原

句又是一个强调句型，所填空格的后面是一个定语从句，意为“我们所生活的…”，而与空格相对应的是information society(信息社会)，可以判定空格的意思应与society相近，故[A]是正确答案。选项[B]range表示“(气温、价格等浮动的)幅度”，例如：the range of the price。选项[C]scope表示“(能力、理解等的)范围”，例如：The problem is within the scope of the child．选项[D]territory(领土)。本题说明考生不仅要注意单词的基本意思，还应加强对单词引申义的理解。全句可译为：正是在电脑时代，“信息社会”这一说法才开始广泛地用于描述我们所生活的这个环境。

38．

A．regarded B．impressed C．influenced D．effected

正确答案：C

解析：此题属于语意搭配题。选项[C]influenced表示“影响”，例如：The weather in summer influenced the rice crops．本题所填的词应与下文中的implications相对应；implications以复数形式出现时，表示possible effects or results(可能导致的结果，关系)。换句话说，就是影响，所以[C]influenced是正确答案。选项[A]regarded表示“看作，考虑”，常与as连用，例如：I regarded him as my father．选项[B]impressed表示“使(某人)留下印象”，后面往往跟上sb．作宾语，例如：His behavior impressed me deeply．选项[D]effected作动词时表示“使…产生，改变”，例如：His opinion effected the plan(他的意见改变了计划)。

39．

A．competitive B．controversial C．distracting D．irrational

正确答案：B

解析：此题属于语意搭配题。选项[B]controversial表示“有争议的”。下文中提到了通讯革命带来的benefits(利)和“harmful”incomes(弊)，可见对于它在经济、政治等方面所产生的结果，人们还是有争议的，因此[B]是正确答案。选项[A]competitive表示“竞争的”，例如：a competitive society；选项[C]distracting表示“干扰的”，例如：the distractingnoise；选项[D]irrational表示“非理性的”。

40． A．above B．upon C．against D．with

正确答案：C 解析：此题属于词语搭配题。选项[C]：against与weigh连用，表示“权衡(利弊)”，例如：He weighed the advantages of changing his job against the disadvantages．(他把换工作的利弊加以权衡比较。)根据上文“通讯革命带来的结果还有争议”，可推断出本句的含义是：我们必须仔细权衡它所造成的利与弊。故选[C]。weigh above不存在。weigh upon表示“成为负担”，例如：He’s under huge pressure at work and it’s really weighing upon him(他的工作压力太大，已成为他的负担)。weigh with sb．表示“对…很重要”，例如：Accessto the railway station weighed heavily with us(对我们来说，能到火车站是很重要的)。

Section III Reading Comprehension (60 minutes)

Part BDirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D . Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.

Why do so many Americans distrust what they read in their newspapers? The American Society of Newspaper Editors is trying to answer this painful question. The organization is deep into a long self-analysis known as the journalism credibility project. Sad to say,this project has turned out to be mostly low-level findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes,combined with lots of head-scratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want. But the sources of distrust go way deeper. Most journalists learn to see the world through a set of standard templates (patterns) into which they plug each day’s events. In other words, there is a conventional story line in the newsroom culture that provides a backbone and a ready-made narrative structure for otherwise confusing news. There exists a social and cultural disconnect between journalists and their readers, which helps explain why the “standard templates” of the newsroom seem alien to many readers. In a recent survey, questionnaires were sent to reporters in five middle-size, cities around the country, plus one large metropolitan area. Then residents in these communities were phoned at random and asked the same questions. Replies show that compared with other Americans, journalists are more likely to live in upscale neighborhoods, have maids, own Mercedeses, and trade stocks, and they’re less likely to go to church to do volunteer work, or put down roots in a community. Reporters tend to be part of a broadly defined social and cultural elite, so their work tends to reflect the conventional values of this elite. The astonishing distrust of the news media isn’t rooted in inaccuracy or poor reportorial skills but in the daily clash of world views between reporters and their readers. This is an explosive situation for any industry, particularly a declining one. Here is a troubled business that keeps hiring employees whose attitudes vastly annoy the customers. Then it sponsors lots of symposiums and a credibility project dedicated to wondering why customers are annoyed and fleeing in large numbers. But it never seems to get around to noticing the cultural and class biases that so many former buyers are complaining about. If it did, it would open up its diversity program,now focused narrowly on race and gender,and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook,values,education,and class.

41． What is the passage mainly about? A．Needs of the readers all over the world.

B．Causes of the public disappointment about newspapers. C．Origins of the declining newspaper industry. D．Aims of a journalism credibility project.

正确答案：B

解析：主旨题。文章第一段第一句以问句的形式点明了文章的主题：为什么会有那么多的美国人不信任新闻报刊?因此，作者要做的是要寻找这一原因。故[B]项为正确答案。

42． The results of the journalism credibility project turned out to be______. A．quite trustworthy

B．somewhat contradictory C．very illuminating D．rather superficial

正确答案：D

解析：细节题。第二段前半部分告诉我们：调查项目的结果都是些低档次的内容，如报道失实，拼写、语法错误等。因此[D]项“很肤浅的”为正确答案。

43． The basic problem of journalists as pointed out by the writer lies in their______.

A．working attitude B．conventional lifestyle C．world outlook

D．educational background

正确答案：C

解析：细节题。第六段最后一句说：令人吃惊的是，人们不信任新闻报刊的原因不在于新闻报道的不准确性或糟糕的报道技巧，而在于记者和读者在世界观上的分歧。因此[C]正确。

44． Despite its efforts, the newspaper industry still cannot satisfy the readers owing to its

A．failure to realize its real problems B．tendency to hire annoying reporters C．likeliness to do inaccurate reporting D．prejudice in matters of race and gender

正确答案：A

解析：细节题。最后一段第四句告诉我们：报业从未刻意留心许多老读者曾

经抱怨过的(新闻报纸所反映的)文化和阶级歧视。由此可见，报业满足不了读者的真正原因是没有认识到它真正的问题。

If you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile, you must know how to identify shared experiences and problems. Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view. Depending on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different. If you are talking to a group of managers, you may refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries; alternatively if you are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment on their disorganized bosses. Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses’ convention, of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors. A man arrives in heaven and is being shown around by St. Peter. He sees wonderful accommodations, beautiful gardens, sunny weather, and so on. Everyone is very peaceful, polite and friendly until, waiting in a line for lunch, the new arrival is suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat, who rushes to the head of the line, grabs his food and stomps over to a table himself. “Who is that?” the new arrival asked St. Peter. “Oh, that’s God,” came the reply, “but sometimes he thinks he’s a doctor.” If you are part of the group which you are addressing, you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and it’ll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman’s notorious bad taste in ties. With other audiences you mustn’t attempt to cut in with humor as they will resent an outsider making disparaging remarks about their canteen of their chairman. You will be on safer ground if you stick to scapegoats like the Post Office or the telephone system. If you feel awkward being humorous, you must practice so that it becomes more natural. Include a few casual and apparently off-the-cuff remarks which you can deliver in a relaxed and unforced manner. Often it’s the delivery which causes the audience to smile, so speak slowly and remember that a raised eyebrow or an unbelieving look may help to show that you are making a light hearted remark. Look for the humor. It often comes from the unexpected. A twist on a familiar quote “If at first you don’t succeed, give up” or a play on words or on a situation. Search for exaggeration and understatements. Look at your talk and pick out a few words or sentences which you can turn about and inject with humor.

45． To make your humor work, you should______. A．take advantage of different kinds of audience B．make fun of the disorganized people

C．address different problems to different people D．show sympathy for your listeners

正确答案：C

解析：细节题。第一段第三句说：你的听众不同，你要谈的问题也应不同，

所以[C]应是正确答案。

46． The joke about doctors implies that, in the eyes of nurses, they are______. A．impolite to new arrivals

B．very conscious of their godlike role C．entitled to some privileges

D．very busy even during lunch hours

正确答案：B

解析：推断题。第二段内容风趣幽默，把护士眼中的医生形象很好地表现了出来：傲慢、不讲理、自以为是，正跟上帝一样。所以，[B]项正确。

47． It can be inferred from the text that public service______. A．have benefited many people B．are the focus of public attention

C．are an inappropriate subject for humor D．have often been the laughing stock

正确答案：D

解析：推断题。第三段最后一句说：如果你把邮局或电话局当替罪羊来开涮的话，你不会得罪人。由此推知，邮局和电话局这些公共服务业是大众的笑柄(laughing stock)。所以，[D]项正确。

48． To achieve the desired result, humorous stones should be delivered______. A．in well-worded language B．as awkwardly as possible C．in exaggerated statements D．as casually as possible

正确答案：D

解析：细节题。第四段第一、二两句告诉我们：如果你想把幽默的话说得自然，你须尽可能轻松自在地(casual，relaxed，unforced，off-the-cuff)讲。所以[D]正确。

49． The best title for the text may be______. A．Use Humor Effectively B．Various Kinds of Humor C．Add Humor to Speech D．Different Humor Strategies

正确答案：A

解析：主旨题。本文前三段主要讲了针对不同的听者选择不同的幽默内容。后两段主要讨论了如何讲述幽默故事。因此，整篇文章的中心是“怎样有效地运用幽默”。[A]为最佳标题。

Cyberspace, data superhighway, multi-media—for those who have seen the future, the linking of computers television and telephones will change our lives for ever. Yet for all the talk of a forthcoming technological utopia little attention has been given to the implications of these developments for the poor. As with all new high technology, while the West concerns itself with the “how”, the question of “for whom” is put aside once again. Economists are only now realizing the full extent to which the communications revolution has affected the world economy. Information technology allows the extension of trade across geographical and industrial boundaries, and transnational corporations take full advantage of it. Terms of trade, exchange and interest rates and money movements are more important than the production of goods. The electronic economy made possible by information technology allows the haves to increase their control on global markets—with destructive impact on the have-nots. For them the result is instability. Developing countries which rely on the production of a small range of goods for export are made to feel like small parts in the international economic machine. As “futures” are traded on computer screens, developing countries simply have less and less control of their destinies. So what are the options for regaining control? One alternative is for developing countries to buy in the latest computers and telecommunications themselves—so-called “development communications” modernization. Yet this leads to long-term dependency and perhaps permanent constraints on developing countries’ economies. Communications technology is generally exported from the U. S. , Europe or Japan; the patents, skills and ability to manufacture remain in the hands of a few industrialized countries. It is also expensive, and imported products and services must therefore be bought on credit—credit usually provided by the very countries whose companies stand to gain. Furthermore, when new technology is introduced there is often too low a level of expertise to exploit it for native development. This means that while local elites, foreign com-munities and subsidiaries of transnational corporations may benefit, those whose lives depend on access to the information are denied it.

50． From the passage we know that the development of high technology is in the interests of

A．the world economy B．the rich countries

C．scientific development D．the elite

正确答案：B

解析：文章第一段谈到，西方发达国家在网络空问、数字高速公路、多媒体等高技术方面迅猛发展的同时，他们对贫困国家的利益却不重视。文章第二段第一句话进一步指出，电子经济使得发达国家进一步控制全球市场，从而给贫困国家造成了毁灭性的影响。第三段和第四段接着谈到贫困国家在发展电讯事业方面

对发达国家的长期依赖使得本国经济受到长期的约束。由此可推断，选项B符合题意。

51． It can be inferred from the passage that______.

A．the interests of the poor countries have not been given enough consideration B．the export of the poor countries should be increased

C．communications technology in the developing countries should be modernized

D．international trade should be expanded

正确答案：A

解析：根据第一段第二句话，“…对于贫穷国家的经济发展，他们没有给予很多的关注，……”。由此可见，选项A与此相符。

52． Why does the author say that the electronic economy may have a destructive impact on developing countries?

A．Because it destroys the economic balance of the poor countries. B．Because it inhibits the industrial growth of developing countries.

C．Because it enables the developed counties to control the international market. D．Because it violates the national boundaries of the poor countries.

正确答案：B

解析：根据第二段的最后一句话和第三以及第四两段文字，我们可以看到，毁灭性影响表现之一是经济上的不稳定，之二是发展中国家无法掌握自己的命运，发达国家对高科技的垄断抑制了发展中国家的经济。所以，选项B与题意相符。

53． The development of modern communications technology in developing countries may

A．force them to reduce their share of exports B．cost them their economic independence C．hinder their industrial production

D．cause them to lose control of their trade

正确答案：B

解析：根据第四段的第二句和第三句话，可以看到，如果发展中国家选择发展通讯现代化的话，就会导致他们长期地依赖发达国家，并给自己国家的经济发展带来永远的制约。由此可见，选项B与题意相符。

54． The author’s attitude toward the communications revolution is______. A．tolerant B．indifferent C．positive D．critical

正确答案：D

解析：本题问及作者对通讯革命所持的态度。作者在文章中多处指明，高新技术在给发达国家带来巨大利益的同时，却未能使贫穷国家摆脱贫困地位。相反的，它给贫穷国家带来的是毁灭性的影响。由此我们可以推断出作者对此事持批评态度。因此，本题正确答案应当为D。

The Supreme Court’s decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important implications for how medicine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering. Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, the Court in effect supported the medical principle of “double effect”, a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects—a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen—is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect. Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify using high doses of morphine to control terminally ill patients’ pain, even though increasing dosages will eventually kill the patients. Nancy Dubler, director of Montefiore Medical Center, contends that the principle will shield doctors who “until now have very, very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient mediation to control their pain if that might hasten death. “ George Annas, chair of the health law department at Boston University, maintains that, as long as a doctor prescribes a drug for a legitimate medical purpose, the doctor has done nothing illegal even if the patient uses the drug to hasten death. “It’s like surgery,” he says. “We don’t call those deaths homicides because the doctors didn’t intend to kill their patients, although they risked their death. If you’re a physician, you can risk your patients’ suicide as long as you don’t intend their suicide. “ On another level, many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted-suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying. Just three weeks before the Court’s ruling on physician-assisted suicide, the National Academy of Science (NAS) released a two-volume report, Approaching Death; Improving Care at the End of Life. It identifies the under-treatment of pain and the aggressive use of “ineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying” as the twin problems of end-of-life care. The profession is taking steps to require young doctors to train in hospices, to test knowledge of aggressive pain management therapies, to develop a Medicare billing code for hospital-based care, and to develop new standards for assessing and treating pain at the end of life. Annas says lawyers can play a key role in insisting that these well-meaning medical initiatives translate into better care. “Large numbers of physicians seem unconcerned with the pain their patients are needlessly and predictably suffering,” to the extent that it constitutes “systematic patient abuse.” He says medical licensing boards “must make it clear... that painful deaths are presumptively ones that are incompetently managed and should result in license suspension. “

55． From the first three paragraphs, we learn that______.

A．doctors used to increase drug dosages to control their patients’ pain B．it is still illegal for doctors to help the dying end their lives C．the Supreme Court strongly opposes physician-assisted suicide D．patients have no constitutional right to commit suicide

正确答案：B

解析：推断题。文章第一段说：最高法院对于医生协助病人自杀的裁决，对如何使用药物来减轻病人的痛苦有着重大的意义。第二段说：尽管宪法没有赋予医生去帮助病人自杀的权力，法院实际支持了医疗界的“双效原则”。第三段说：医生们正是借用这个原则，为大剂量地给晚期(terminally ill)病人注射吗啡提供正当的理由，尽管增加剂量将最终致病人于死地。由此从第二段可推断，B项：医生们帮助病人自杀仍是非法的，为正确答案。A项：医生过去常用增加剂量的方法来控制病人的痛苦与第三段的增加吗啡剂量不符合。C项：最高法院强烈反对医生帮助病人自杀，与D项：宪法没有赋予病人自杀的权力，都与文章内容不符。

56． Which of the following statements is true according to the text? A．Doctors will be held guilty it they risk their patients’ death.

B．Modern medicine has assisted terminally ill patients in painless recovery. C．The Court ruled that high-dosage pain-relieving medication should be prescribed.

D．A doctor’s medication is no longer justified by his intentions.

正确答案：C

解析：是非题。文章第二段第一句说：法庭实际上(in effect)认可了医疗界的“双效”原则。第三段又说，医疗界正是借用这个原则，为大剂量地给晚期(terminally ill)病人注射镇痛剂提供了正当的理由，尽管增加剂量将最终使病人致死。由此可知，法庭实际上同意给病人开大剂量的止痛药。这与C的意思相符。A项“如果医生冒使病人致死的危险，将被认定有罪”与文章内容不符，B项“现代医学已经帮助晚期病人无痛康复”，文中未提。D项“医生用药再也不会因为他的用药意图而被认为合理正当了”与文章内容不符。

57． According to the NAS’s report, one of the problems in end-of-life care is______.

A．prolonged medical procedures B．inadequate treatment of pain C．systematic drug abuse D．insufficient hospital care

正确答案：B

解析：细节题。根据第七段：NAS的报告指出了医生临终护理存在着两个问题：一是护理不力，二是使用无效而强制性的医疗程序。由此可知，B：对病痛护理不够为正确答案。

58． Which of the following best defines the word “aggressive” (line 3, paragraph 7)?

A．Bold B．Harmful C．Careless D．Desperate

正确答案：A

解析：语意题。aggressive意为：1)咄咄逼人的，好斗的；2)攻略性的，侵略的；3)有闯劲的，大胆的。根据上下文，aggressive应为“大胆的”。所以，A为正确答案。

59． George Annas would probably agree that doctors should be punished if they______.

A．manage their patients incompetently B．give patients more medicine than needed C．reduce drug dosages for their patients

D．prolong the needless suffering of the patients

正确答案：D

解析：细节题。在第九段中，Annas指出：许多医生对病人所受的不必要的痛苦漠不关心，甚至到了“系统地虐待病人”的程度。并指出病人痛苦地死亡如果被认为是医生护理不力的后果，那就应吊销他们的行医执照。D项：延长病人不必要的痛苦为正确答案。此处A项：护理病人不力，是个迷惑项。因为Annas认为吊销医生执照的前提是病人痛苦地死亡。

Part DDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

Green space facilities are contributing to an important extent to the quality of the urban environment. Fortunately it is no longer necessary that every lecture or every book about this subject has to start with the proof of this idea. (61) At present it is generally accepted, although more as a self-evident statement than on the basis of a closely-reasoned scientific proof. The recognition of the importance of green space in the urban environment is a first step on the right way. (62) This does not mean, however, that sufficient details are known about the functions of green space in towns and about the way in which the inhabitants are using these spaces. As to this rather complex subject I shall, within the scope of this lee-ture, enter into one aspect only, namely the recreative function of green space facilities. (63) The theoretical separation of living, working, traffic and recreation which for man-y years has been used in town-and-country planning, has in my opinion resulted in disproportionate attention for forms of recreation far from home, whereas there was relatively little

attention for improvement of recreative possibilities in the direct neighborhood of the home. (64) We have come to the conclusion that this is not right, because an important part of the time which we do not pass in sleeping or working, is used for activities at and around home. So it is obvious that recreation in the open air has to begin at the street door of the house. (65) The urban environment has to offer as many recreation activities as possible, and the design of these has to be such that more obligatory activities can also have a recreative aspect. The very best standard of living is nothing if it is not possible to take a pleasant walk in the district, if the children cannot be allowed to play in the streets, because the risks of traffic are too great, if during shopping you can nowhere find a spot for enjoying for a moment the nice weather, in short, if you only feel yourself at home after the street-door of your house is closed after you.

60．

正确答案：这在目前是得到公认的，尽管是个人见证的论述，而较少有严谨的科学推理作为证据的基础。

解析：句子框架是it is generally accepted，although…。主句中代词it代指前句内容it is no longer necessary that…this idea(有关这一主题的所有演讲或书籍不必用支持这一观念的证据开头了)。although引导让步状语从句，省略了主语和谓语，补充完整为although it is generally accepted more as a self—evident statement than on the basis ofa closely reasoned scientific proof。more…than…结构意为“不是…，而是…；与其说…，倒不如说…”。

61．

正确答案：然而，这并不意味着，我们对于有关城镇中绿色空间的作用以及居民使用这些空间的方法了解到了足够的资料。

解析：句子框架是This does not mean…that…。that引导的宾语从句作mean的宾语。从句中的被动结构be known译成主动句，加译泛指性的主语“我们”。句尾的介词短语about the way中又嵌套一个介词in加关系代词which引导的定语从句，修饰theway 。

62．

正确答案：许多年来，日常生活、工作、交通以及娱乐这一理论上的划分被用在城市和国家的规划中，在我看来，其结果是不适度地注重离家远的地方的娱乐方式，而相对而言，较少地注意改进在离家最近的地带可能进行的娱乐。

解析：句子框架是The theoretical separation…has…resulted…，whereas therewas…attention…。whereas连接两个并列句。前一个并列分句中又嵌套一个which引导的定语从句；far from home为形容词短语作后置定语修饰forms of recreation，相当于forms of recreation that are far from home；后一个并列分句为there be句型。disproportionate译为“不相称的，不适度的”；recreative possibilities

译成“可能进行的娱乐”。

63．

正确答案：我们已经得出结论，这样做是不对的，因为我们除了睡觉和工作中度过的时间以外，重要的一部分是用来在家里或者家的周围进行活动。

解析：句子框架是We have come to the conclusion…，because…。because引导原因状语从句修饰主句。主句中又有that引导的同位语从句作conclusion的同位语。because引导的原因状语从句中又嵌套一个which引导的定语从句修饰the time。

64．

正确答案：都市环境应该提供尽可能多的娱乐活动，这种设计中，在它更加必不可少的活动里也应有娱乐的一面。

解析：句子框架是The urban environment has to offer…，and the design…has tobe…。and引导两个并列句。and后的并列分句中such that…结构译为“如此以致…”；the design of these中these指代前面分句的The urban environment；obligatory意为“必须的，强制性的”。

Section IV Writing (35 minutes)

65． There is an advertisement in the Sunday paper for a part-time research assistant. You are interested in the post. Please write a letter to apply for the post. You should write 160 — 200 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.

正确答案：Dear Sir, I am writing in response to the advertisement you placed in the Sunday paper for a part-time research assistant. Next year I will receive a bachelor’s degree in chemistry, and this job would give me the experience I will need for my future career in this field. I believe that both my education and experience are directly related to your needs. As an undergraduate,I have taken many courses in chemistry and developed a great deal of practical experience. As a result, I can, at this point,perform most laboratory procedures with little or no difficulty. Because my primary interest is in polymer chemistry, I feel certain that I could carry out any assignments you would give me. Besides taking courses in chemistry, I have taken many optional courses such as computer programming, electronics circuit design and surface science. In addition, I spent last summer helping Professor Liu in surface chemistry. I would appreciate the opportunity to join your staff because your company enjoys a reputation for helping students like me to gain experience in industry. I enclose a resume and could be available for an interview at your convenience. Sincerely, Zhang Xi